7.3.15
संख्यायाः संवत्सरसंख्यस्य च
Operational rule vidhi
After a numeral, the first vowel of संवत्सर and of a numeral, gets वृद्धि before a तद्धित affix having an indicatory ञ् , ण् or क् .
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context संख्यायाः pañcamī · ekavacanaTarget संवत्सरसंख्यस्य ṣaṣṭhī · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyaya
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
संख्यायाः संवत्सरसंख्यस्य च
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
After a numeral, the first vowel of संवत्सर and of a numeral, gets वृद्धि before a तद्धित affix having an indicatory ञ् , ण् or क् ।
Thus द्विसांवत्सरिकः = द्वौ संवत्सरावधीष्टो भृतो भूतो or भावी 5.1.80, त्रिसांवत्सरिकः, द्विषाष्ठिकः = द्वे षष्टी अधीष्टो भृतो भूतो भावी वा ॥ The words द्वि, षष्टी &c when applied to वर्ष 7.3.16 and Numerals give rise to the affixes taught under kaladhikara 5.1.78 — 5.1.97. The special mention of संवत्सर here, (though this is a परिमाण word and would have been included in the sutra 7.3.17) implies that the word परिमाण in that sutra does not mean the measure of time, but a measure of any other thing than time. Therefore, with other time-words than samvatsara, the Vriddhi takes place in the regular way: as द्वैसमिकः, त्रैसमिकः ॥ Similarly in sutra 4.1.22, the word परिमाण does not mean the measure of time or numerals, as त्रिवर्षा, द्विवर्षा माणविका ॥ In short, the word परिमाण in these sutras (and elsewhere 3.2.23, 2.3.46 &c.) means "mass or bulk", and not a measure in general.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.