5.4.75
अच् प्रत्यन्ववपूर्वात् सामलोम्नः
Operational rule vidhi
The affix अच् comes after the words 1. सामन् and 2. लोमन् when 1. प्रति 2. अनु and 3. अव precede them.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Substitute / term अ prathamā · ekavacanaLeft context प्रति- अनु- अव- पूर्वात् pañcamī · ekavacanaLeft context साम- लोम्नः pañcamī · ekavacana
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
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Full reading
अच् प्रति-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix अच् comes after the words 1. सामन् and 2. लोमन् when 1. प्रति 2. अनु and 3. अव precede them.
As प्रतिसामम्, अनुसामम्, अवसामम् ॥ प्रतिलोमम्, अनुलोमम्, अवलोमम् ॥
Vart:- The affix अच् comes after the word भूमि preceded by the words कृष्ण, उदक्, पाण्डु, and also after the words गोदावरी and नदी when preceded by a numeral. As, कृष्णभूमः पाण्डुभूमः, उदग्भूमः ॥ पञ्चनदम्, सप्तगोदावरम् (see 2.1.20).
Vart:- The affix अच् is added to भूमि when preceded by a numeral. As, द्विभूमः प्रासादः, त्रिभूमः &c, दशभूमकं सूत्रं ॥ This affix is added to words other than those mentioned above: as पद्मनाभः, ऊर्णनाभः, समरात्रः, दीर्घरात्रः, अरात्रः ॥ Here the affix अच् is added to नाभि and रात्रि ॥ All this can be done by dividing the above sutra into two parts viz. (1) अच् (2) प्रत्यन्व &c. That is अच् comes after all compounds and (2) after सामन् and लोमन् preceded by प्रति &c.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.