5.4.151
उरःप्रभृतिभ्यः कप्
Operational rule vidhi
The affix कप् comes after उरस् etc. final in a बहुव्रीहि समास .
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context उरःप्रभृतिभ्यः pañcamī · bahuvacanaSubstitute / term कप् prathamā · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
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Full reading
उरःप्रभृतिभ्यः कप्
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix कप् comes after उरस् etc. final in a बहुव्रीहि समास ।
Thus व्यूढोरस्कः = व्यूढमुरोऽस्य ॥ So also प्रियसर्पिष्कः, अवमुक्तोपानत्कः ॥
The words पुमान्, अनुड्वान्, पयः, नौः and लक्ष्मीः are exhibited in the list of urasadi words as nominative singular, and not in their crude-forms as is the case with other words. The reason of this is, that the singular number of these words take the affix कप्, and not their dual and plural numbers. With regard to the dual and plural of these, the affix कप् is optionally added by force of sutra 5.4.154. Thus द्विपुमान् or द्विपुंस्कः, बहुपुमान् or बहुपुंस्कः ॥
1 उरस्, 2 सर्पिस्, 3 उपानह्, 4 पुमान्, 5 अनड्वान्, 6 पयस्, 7 नौः, 8 लक्ष्मीः, 9 दधि, 10 मधु, 11 शालि, 12 अर्थान्नञः ॥ (The affix कप् is added to अर्थ when preceded by the Negative particle नञ्, as अनर्थकः)
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.