5.4.113
बहुव्रीहौ सक्थ्यक्ष्णोः स्वाङ्गात् षच्
Operational rule vidhi
The affix षच् comes after the words 1. सक्थि and 2. अक्षि , final in a बहुव्रीहि समास and denoting a portion of one's body.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context बहुव्रीहौ saptamī · ekavacanaTarget सक्थ्यक्ष्णोः ṣaṣṭhī · dvivacanaLeft context स्वाङ्गात् pañcamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term षच् prathamā · ekavacana
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
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Full reading
बहुव्रीहौ सक्थ्यक्ष्णोः स्वाङ्गात् षच्
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
सक्थ्यक्ष्णोः → षच् / स्वाङ्गात् बहुव्रीहौ
Replace sakthyakṣṇoḥ with ṣac when it comes after svāṅgāt when bahuvrīhau follows. Inherited words (anuvṛtti) may add further conditions.
Commentary
The affix षच् comes after the words 1. सक्थि and 2. अक्षि , final in a बहुव्रीहि समास and denoting a portion of one's body.
Thus दीर्घे सक्थि यस्य = दीर्घसक्थः, so also कल्याणाक्षः, लोहिताक्षः, विशालाक्षः ॥ The word सक्ष्टपक्ष्णोः is genitive dual, while it ought to be ablative. Why do we say "in a Bahuvrihi compound"? Observe परमसक्थिः, परमाक्षिः ॥ Why do we say "after sakthi and akshi?" Observe दीर्घजानुः, सुबाहुः ॥ Why do we say "when denoting a part of the body?" Observe दीर्घसक्थि शकटं, स्थूलक्षिरिक्षुः ॥
The new affix षच् is employed instead of टच् for the sake of the accent Thus चक्रसक्थी स्त्री, दीर्घसक्थी स्त्री ॥ By sutra 4.1.41 the feminine of words ending in an affix having an indicatory ष् is formed by ङीष् and not ङीप् ॥ Had the affix here been टच्, then the feminine would have been formed by ङीप् 4.1.15, which is anudatta 3.1.4. Now by rule 6.2.198 the second term 'saktha' has optionally udatta accent, on this final in a Bahuvrihi. When therefore, it is not oxytone, then by adding ङीप् the final of दीर्घसक्थी would have been anudatta, so that the feminine in one case would be oxytone, in the other not, which would be anomalous. But when ङीष् is added, it is always udatta, which is desired: and removes the anomaly. The anuvritti of Bahuvrihi extends up to the end of the chapter.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.