3.1.106
वदः सुपि क्यप् च
Operational rule vidhi
After the root वद् 'to speak', governing a case-inflected word as its उपपद and not having a preposition annexed to it, there comes the affix क्यप् also.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context वदः pañcamī · ekavacanaRight context saptamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term य prathamā · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyaya
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Pink letters are it-markers (anubandhas), tags dropped by 1.3.9. Hover or tap one for the rule that marks it, or try the it-letter finder.
Full reading
वदः क्यप् च
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
After the root वद् 'to speak', governing a case-inflected word as its उपपद and not having a preposition annexed to it, there comes the affix क्यप् also.
The phrase 'not having a preposition' is to be read into this sutra by anuvritti from sutra100 ante. The force of the word 'also' is to indicate that the affix यत् is also employed. The word सुपि means 'in construction with an upapada that ends in case-affix'.
Thus ब्रह्म + वद् + क्यप् = ब्रह्म + वद् + य = ब्रह्मोद्य; ब्रह्म + वद् + यत् = ब्रह्मवद्यम् 'told by the Vedas or Brahman'. Similarly सत्योद्यम् or सत्यवद्यम् 'truth-mouthed'.
Why do we say 'when it has a case-inflected word as upapada'? Otherwise वद् + ण्यत् = वाद्यम् 'a musical instrument'.
Why do we say 'not having a preposition'? Observe प्रवाद्यम् ' a rumour' formed by the affix ण्यत् and not by यत् or क्यप्.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.