7.3.116
ङेराम्नद्याम्नीभ्यः
Operational rule vidhi
The ङि-प्रत्यय gets आमादेश when it comes after - (a) a नदीसंज्ञक word, (b) an आबन्त word, and (c) a word that ends in 'नी'.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Target ङेः ṣaṣṭhī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term आम् prathamā · ekavacanaLeft context - आप्- नीभ्यः pañcamī · bahuvacana
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
ङेः आम् -
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
ङेः → आम् / -
Replace ṅeḥ with ām when it comes after nadī-āp-nībhyaḥ. Inherited words (anuvṛtti) may add further conditions.
Commentary
For the ending इ of the Locative -7th case singular there is substituted आम् after a अङ्ग (stem) called नदी -- यू स्त्र्याख्यौ नदी 1.4.3 etc., after the feminines in आ and after नी।
As कुमार्याम्, किशोर्याम्, गौर्याम्, ब्रह्मबन्ध्वाम्, धीरबन्ध्वाम्, खट्वायाम्, बहुराजायाम्, कारीषगन्ध्यायाम्, नी-ग्रामण्याम्, सेनान्याम् ॥
The word ग्रामणी is formed by क्विप् affix added under 3.2.61, the न is changed to ण by अग्र ग्रामाभ्याम्; and the यण् substitute in the Locative is by 6.4.82.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.