5.3.71
अव्ययसर्वनाम्नामकच् प्राक् टेः
Operational rule vidhi
For an अव्यय, a सर्वनामशब्द and a तिङ्गन्त word the प्रत्यय 'अकच्' comes just before the 'टि'संज्ञक component of that word under all the प्राग्-इवीय meanings.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Target अव्ययसर्वनाम्नाम् ṣaṣṭhī · bahuvacanaSubstitute / term अक prathamā · ekavacanaIndeclinable प्राक् avyayaLeft context टेः pañcamī · ekavacana
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Pink letters are it-markers (anubandhas), tags dropped by 1.3.9. Hover or tap one for the rule that marks it, or try the it-letter finder.
Full reading
अव्ययसर्वनाम्नाम् अकच् प्राक् टेः
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
अव्ययसर्वनाम्नाम् → अकच् / टेः
Replace avyayasarvanāmnām with akac when it comes after ṭeḥ. Inherited words (anuvṛtti) may add further conditions.
Commentary
The affix अकच् (अक्) is added to an indeclinable and to a Pronominal before the last vowel of those words in the sense of प्राग्रीव affixes.
The च् shows that the acute accent falls on the final 6.1.163, though the affix is inserted in the middle of the word. The phrase तिङश्च 5.3.56 is understood here also. This अकच् debars क ॥ Thus उच्चैः + अक् = उच्च् + अक् + ऐः = उच्च॒कैः; similarly नीच॒कैः, शमकैः from नीचैः and शनैः ॥ So also after Pronominals, as सर्वके, विश्वके and उभयके from सर्वे, विश्वे and उभये ॥ In these last examples, it will be seen that the affix is added to सुबन्त words i.e. to declined nouns, and not to प्रातिपदिक or crude-noun: as was required by 4.1.1. Sometimes, however, the affix is added after a Pratipadika also. The usage will determine when the affix should be added to a Nominal stem (Pratipadika) and when to a Subanta word. Thus in युष्मकाभिः, अस्मकाभिः, युष्मकासु, अस्मकासु, युवकयोः, आवकयोः, the affix is added to pratipadika viz to युष्मद्, अस्मद्, giving युष्मकद्, अस्मकद् which are then declined as Pronominals. But in the examples त्वयका, मयका त्वयकि, मयकि, the affix अक् is added to the त्वया, मया (the Instrumental case of युष्मद् and अस्मद्), and त्वयि and मयि the Locative singular of the same. From the above examples, this rule may be deduced; the affix अक् is added to the Pradipadika, when case-affixes beginning with ओ, स or भ follows; and the affix is added to the declined pronoun, in the remaining cases.
Vart:- The affix काम् is added to the Indeclinable तूष्णीम् ॥ The म् is indicatory, therefore, का comes before the final vowel (1.1.47). As तूष्णीम् + का = तूष्णीकाम्, as तूष्णीकामास्ते, तूष्णीकां तिष्ठति 'he remained silent'. When, however, the meaning in that 'whose habit is so', then the affix क is added, and the म् of तूष्णीम् is elided. As तूष्णीकः 'a taciturn'.
The phrase तिङश्च 5.3.56 being understood here, the affix अक् comes after finite verbs also. As पचति-पचतकि, जल्पति-जल्पतकि ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.