5.4.91
राजाहस्सखिभ्यष्टच्
Operational rule vidhi
The affix टच् is added to the words 1. राजन् 2. अहन् and 3. सखि when standing at the end of a तत्-पुरुष समास .
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context राजा- अहन्- सखिभ्यः pañcamī · bahuvacanaSubstitute / term टच् prathamā · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
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Full reading
राजा-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix टच् is added to the words 1. राजन् 2. अहन् and 3. सखि when standing at the end of a तत्-पुरुष समास ।
Thus महाराजः, मद्रराजः, परमाहः, उत्तमाहः 6.4.145 राज्ञः सखा = राजसखः ॥ ब्राह्मणसखः ॥ Why not so here मद्राणां राज्ञी = मद्रराज्ञी instead of मद्रराजी ? For according to the maxim "a pratipadika denotes, whenever it is employed in Grammar, also such a nominal stem as is derived from it by the addition of an affix denoting gender" (प्रातिपदिकग्रहणं लिङ्गविशिष्टस्यापि ग्रहणम्); the stem राजन् would denote the feminine also. To this we reply, that the construction of the sutra shows that the feminine राज्ञी is not to be taken. Because अहन् being a prosodially lighter word than राजन् ought to have been placed first in the compound. Its not being so placed indicates that that form राजन् only is to be taken whose final vowel becomes lengthened into आ in compounding with अहन्, i.e. राजा + अहन् ; and not राज्ञी + अहन् ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.