3.3.95
स्थागापापचो भावे
Operational rule vidhi
After the roots 1. स्था 'to stand' 2. गा 'to sing' 3. पा 'to drink' 4. पच् 'to cook', the affix क्तिन् is used when a word in the feminine gender denoting a 'mere action' is to be expressed.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context स्था- गा- पा- पचः pañcamī · ekavacanaRight context भावे saptamī · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
स्था-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
After the roots 1. स्था 'to stand' 2. गा 'to sing' 3. पा 'to drink' 4. पच् 'to cook', the affix क्तिन् is used when a word in the feminine gender denoting a 'mere action' is to be expressed.
This debars the affix अङ् 3.3.106 which generally supersedes क्तिन् in cases of compound verbs ending in long आ. Thus प्रस्थितिः 'a journey' 7.4.40; उद्गीति 'a singing aloud'; गै + क्ति = गा + ति 6.1.45 = गी + ति 6.4.66; सगीतिः 'a concert'; प्रपीतिः 'a cistern'; सम्पीतिः 'drinking together'; पक्तिः 'cooking'.
The repetition of the word भाव in this aphorism, in spite of its anuvritti being understood from sutra 18 is to exclude every other significance.
How do we get forms like अवस्था and संस्था ? Panini himself, in his sutras, has used forms like व्यवस्था &c. See 1.1.34. This is enough justification for us to derive forms like अवस्था, संस्था &c. by applying the affix अङ् under rule 106 inspite of the present sutra, which requires us to apply क्तिन् only.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.