3.3.42
संघे चानौत्तराधर्ये
Operational rule vidhi
The affix घञ् comes after the roots चि 'to collect' and क is the substitute of the initial च in the sense of 'a multitude or assembly' (of living beings possessing some common characteristics) but not merely a confused crowd of men.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context संघे saptamī · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyayaRight context अनौत्तराधर्ये saptamī · ekavacana
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
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Full reading
संघे च अनौत्तराधर्ये
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix घञ् comes after the roots चि 'to collect' and क is the substitute of the initial च in the sense of 'a multitude or assembly' (of living beings possessing some common characteristics) but not merely a confused crowd of men.
The word सङ्घ means a collection or assembly of living beings. It is of two sorts:- either by collection of persons possessing common qualifications, or a mere confused crowd of men. The collection denoting a confused crowd is here excepted and by paryudasa negation the other is taken. Thus भिक्षुकनिकायः 'the assembly of beggars'; ब्राह्मणनिकायः 'the assembly of Brahmanas'; वैयाकरणनिकायाः 'the assembly of Grammarians'.
But सूकरनिचयः 'a herd of hogs'; because it is a mere collection. So also कृताकृतसमुच्चयः 'the collection of what is done and not done'; प्रमाणसमुच्चयः 'the collection of proofs'. Here there is no सङ्घ in either of the two senses, it not being a collection of living animals, the affix ghan is not employed.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.