3.2.3
आतोऽनुपसर्गे कः
Operational rule vidhi
The affix क comes after a verbal root that ends in long आ when there is no उपसर्ग preceding it and when the object is in composition with it.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context आतः pañcamī · ekavacanaRight context अनुपसर्गे saptamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term ः prathamā · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Pink letters are it-markers (anubandhas), tags dropped by 1.3.9. Hover or tap one for the rule that marks it, or try the it-letter finder.
Full reading
आतः अनुपसर्गे कः
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix क comes after a verbal root that ends in long आ when there is no उपसर्ग preceding it and when the object is in composition with it.
This debars अण्; as गां + दा + क = गां + द + अ = गोदः 'Giver of cows', (the long आ is elided by 6.4.64 = So also, कम्बलदः 'who gives a blanket'; पार्ष्णित्रम् 'what protects the rear'; अङ्गुलित्रम् 'what protects the finger' (a thimble)'.
Why do we say 'when there is no upasarga'? Witness गोसन्दायः 'who ceremoniously gives a cow', वडवसन्दाय 'who ceremoniously gives a mare'. Here the compound verb सन्दा takes the affix अण्.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.