3.2.8
गापोष्टक्
Operational rule vidhi
The affix टक comes after the verbs गै 'to sing' and पा 'to drink' when used without a preposition and when the object is in composition with it.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Target गापोः ṣaṣṭhī · dvivacanaSubstitute / term टक् prathamā · ekavacana
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
गापोः टक्
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
गापोः → टक्
Replace gāpoḥ with ṭak. Inherited words (anuvṛtti) may add further conditions.
Commentary
The affix टक comes after the verbs गै 'to sing' and पा 'to drink' when used without a preposition and when the object is in composition with it.
The phrase anupasarga is to be read again into this sutra by anuvritti from sutra 3, though this anuvritti had temporarily lain dormant in sutra 6 and 7. as being unnecessary. This debars क; of this affix ट् and क are indicatory the ट् showing among others that the feminine is formed by the affix ङीप् 4.1.14
As, शक्रं गायति = शक्र + गा + टक् =शक्रगः 6.4.64 'who sings Sakra hymns'. सामगः 'singer of Sama'. fem. शक्रगी and सामगी ।
Vart:- The affix टक् comes after the verb पा when it means to drink and only when it is in composition with the words सुरा and शीधु as its object. This is an important modification of the general sutra. Thus सुरापः fem. सुरापी 'wine-bibber'; शीधुपः fem. शीधुपी 'spirit-drinker'.
Why do we say 'when in composition with sura and sidhu'? Observe क्षीरपा ब्राह्मणी 'the milk-drinking Brahmani'; formed by the affix क and the feminine, therefore, not formed by the affix ई but by आ.
Why do we say 'when पा means to drink'? When पा means 'to protect' this affix is not used; as सुरापा 'who protects wine'.
When these words are compounded with an upasarga they do not take टक् but अण्; as शक्रसङ्गायः, सामसङ्गायः ।
Vart:- There is diversity in the Chhandas as to the employment of these affixes; as या ब्राह्मणी सुरापी or सुरापा भवति नैनां देवाः पतिलोकं नयन्ति 'the gods do not carry that Brahmani to the regions of her husband who drinks wine'.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.