3.2.21

दिवाविभानिशाप्रभाभास्कारान्तानन्तादिबहुनान्दीकिम्लिपिलिबिबलिभक्तिकर्तृचित्रक्षेत्रसंख्याजङ्घाबाह्वहर्यत्तत्धनुररुष्षु

Operational rule vidhi

The affix ट comes after the verb कृञ् 'to make' when the following words are in composition with it - 1. दिवा 'by day' 2. विभा 'light' 3. निशा 'night' 4. प्रभा 'splendour' 5. भाः 'light' 6. कार 'work' 7. अन्त 'end' 8. अनन्त 'endless' 9. आदि 'beginning' 10. बहु 'many' 11. नान्दी 'benediction' 12. किम् 'what' 13. लिपि 'writing' 14. लिबि 'writing' 15. बलि 'oblation' 16. भक्ति 'devotion' 17. कर्तृ 'agent' 18. चित्र 'painting' 19. क्षेत्र 'field' 20. संख्या - words denoting numerals 21. जङ्घा 'thigh' 22. बाहु 'hand' 23. अहः 'day' 24. यत् 'what' 25. तत् 'that' 26. धनुस् 'bow' 27. अरुस् 'wound'.

Word by word (padaccheda)

Right context दिवा- विभा- निशा- प्रभा- भास्- कार- अन्त- अनन्त- आदि- बहु- नान्दी- किम्- लिपि- लिबि- बलि- भक्ति- - चित्र- क्षेत्र- - जङ्घा- बाहु- अहस्- यत्- तत्- धनुष्- अरुष्षु saptamī · bahuvacana
  • Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").

Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.

Full reading

दिवा-विभा-निशा-प्रभा-भास्-कार-अन्त-अनन्त-आदि-बहु-नान्दी-किम्-लिपि-लिबि-बलि-भक्ति- -चित्र-क्षेत्र- -जङ्घा-बाहु-अहस्-यत्-तत्-धनुष्-अरुष्षु

Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.

Commentary

The affix ट comes after the verb कृञ् 'to make' when the following words are in composition with it - 1. दिवा 'by day' 2. विभा 'light' 3. निशा 'night' 4. प्रभा 'splendour' 5. भाः 'light' 6. कार 'work' 7. अन्त 'end' 8. अनन्त 'endless' 9. आदि 'beginning' 10. बहु 'many' 11. नान्दी 'benediction' 12. किम् 'what' 13. लिपि 'writing' 14. लिबि 'writing' 15. बलि 'oblation' 16. भक्ति 'devotion' 17. कर्तृ 'agent' 18. चित्र 'painting' 19. क्षेत्र 'field' 20. संख्या - words denoting numerals 21. जङ्घा 'thigh' 22. बाहु 'hand' 23. अहः 'day' 24. यत् 'what' 25. तत् 'that' 26. धनुस् 'bow' 27. अरुस् 'wound'.
Both the words 'karma' and 'sup' are understood in this aphorism; that is to say, sometimes these upapadas stand as accusative case and sometimes they have other cases, as the construction may require. This affix ट comes when the sense is not that of cause &c., as it was in the last sutra.

Thus दिवाकरः 'the sun'. The word दिवा is an indeclinable and means 'in the day time'. There the upapada, therefore, is in the locative case. The sun is so called, because it makes creatures active in the day time.

So विभाकरः 'the sun' (light-maker); निशाकरः 'the moon' (the night-maker); प्रभाकरः 'the sun'; भास्करः 'the sun' (the letter स is not changed into visarga, as it has been so read in the sutra); कारकरः 'agent'; अन्तकरः 'death' (end-maker); अनन्तकरः 'magnifying to any extent'; आदिकरः 'the creator'; बहुकरः 'the busy'; नान्दीकरः 'the speaker of benediction'; किङ्करः 'a servant'; लिपिकरः 'a scribe'; लिबिकरः 'a scribe'; बलिकरः 'offering sacrifice'; भक्तिकरः 'a devotee'; कर्तृकरः 'an agent'; चित्रकरः 'a painter'; क्षेत्रकरः 'a cultivator'; एककरः 'doing only one thing', द्विकरः 'doing two things'; त्रिकरः 'doing three things'; जङ्घाकरः 'a runner, an express'; बाहुकरः 'a hero', 'a manual labourer'; अहस्करः 'the sun'; तत्करः 'doing that'; यत्करः 'doing that'; धनुष्करः 'bow-maker'; अरुस्करः 'causing or inflicting wounds'.

Var:- The affix अच् comes after the verb कृ when किम्, यत्, तद् and बहु are in composition with it. The speciality of ट affix is that the feminine of words derived from it is formed by long ई; while the feminine of words derived by अच् is formed by long आ. Thus किङ्करा, यत्करा, तत्करा and बहुकरा; these words might be said to belong to the अजादि class (See 4.1.31).

Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.

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