3.2.141
शमित्यष्टाभ्यो घिनुण्
Operational rule vidhi
The affix घिनुण् comes after the 8 verbs beginning with शम् 'to be calm' in the sense of 'the agent having such a habit etc.'.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context शमिति- अष्टाभ्यः pañcamī · bahuvacanaSubstitute / term घिनुण् prathamā · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
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Full reading
शमिति-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix घिनुण् comes after the 8 verbs beginning with शम् 'to be calm' in the sense of 'the agent having such a habit etc.'.
The word इति in the aphorism indicates beginning. These eight verbs begin with शम् and end with मद in the list of verbs. Of the affix घिनुण् the real affix is इन्, the other letters are servile; the घ is for the sake of substituting guttural for the final palatals; उ is for the sake of euphony, or for the sake of rule 6.3.45; and the letter ण् causes vriddhi 7.2.116: which in the case of roots ending in म is prohibited by the rule 7.3.34, the only verb taking 'vriddhi' being मद् ।
As शमिन् Ist. sing. शमी 'calm'; likewise तमी 'desiring'; दमी 'taming'; श्रमी 'laborious'; भ्रमी 'whirling', 'moving round'; क्लमी 'fatiguing'; क्षमी 'forbearing'; प्रमादी 'mad' and उन्मादी 'mad'. Though by rule 136, the verb उन्मद takes the affix इष्णुच्, it also takes the affix घिनुण् by the rule of वाऽमरूप 3.1.94.
All these verbs belong to the Divadi class. After other verbs than these eight, we have other affixes; as असिता.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.