3.1.13
लोहितादिडाज्भ्यः क्यष्
Operational rule vidhi
The affix क्यष् in the sense of becoming what the thing previously was not, is used after the words लोहित etc. and after those that end with the affix डाच् -- अव्यक्तानुकरणाद्द्व्यजवरार्धादनितौ डाच् (5.4.57), when these words do not take the affix च्वि -- अव्यक्तानुकरणाद्द्व्यजवरार्धादनितौ डाच् (5.4.57).
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context लोहितादि- डाज्भ्यः pañcamī · bahuvacanaSubstitute / term क्यष् prathamā · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
लोहितादि-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix क्यष् in the sense of becoming what the thing previously was not, is used after the words लोहित etc. and after those that end with the affix डाच् -- अव्यक्तानुकरणाद्द्व्यजवरार्धादनितौ डाच् 5.4.57, when these words do not take the affix च्वि -- अव्यक्तानुकरणाद्द्व्यजवरार्धादनितौ डाच् 5.4.57.
Thus लोहितायते or लोहितायति 'he becomes red'; पटपटायते or पटपटायति 'he makes a noise like patapata'; (लोहित + य = लोहिता + य = लोहिताय, 7.4.25).
The word पटपटायते is formed by adding the affix dach to the word पट which is first reduplicated, and then takes the denominative affix kyash. The affix dach is added to express inarticulate sounds.
There is no special class called lohitadi. The Vartika, therefore, proposes that the sutra should read without the word adi, as लोहितादिभ्यः क्यष्; 'the affix kyash comes after lohita, and words ending in dach'.
This rule applies to words other than भ्रिशादि which are always invariably Atmanepadi owing to the ङित्, affix क्यङ्, while क्यष् is optionally both. 1.3.90. Thus वर्मायति or वर्मायते, निद्रायति or निद्रायते, करुणायति or करुणायते, कृपायति or कृपायते. The lohitadi is an आकृतिगण, the following being some of the words of this class; लोहित, नील, हरित, पीत, मद्र, फेन and मन्द.
The indicatory क in क्यष् is not for the sake of prohibiting guna and vriddhi 1.1.5. For guna or vriddhi takes place in a dhatu followed by a sarvadhatuka or ardhadhatuka affix. The affix क्यष् is not added to a dhatu but to a nominal stem : hence there is no scope for the operation of guna &c. The क is for the sake of grouping क्यच्, क्यङ् and क्यष् in one class as क्य; as in sutra नः क्ये 1.4.15. There is, however, no word ending in न among those enumerated above.
The affix डाच् 5.4.57 comes when the verb following is one of the three अस्, भू, or कृ; as पटपटाकरोति, -भवति or -स्यात्. The present sutra teaches by implication that when क्यष् follows डाच्, the above restriction, that the verb should be कृ, भू or अस्, is not applicable. Here डाच् comes without the addition of कृ, भू or अस्ति.
The anuvritti of अच्वेः comes from the last sutra; and hence the affix मयप् is added in the sense of अभूततद्भाव i.e. something becoming that which it was not before.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.