3.1.12
भृशादिभ्यो भुव्यच्वेर्लोपश्च हलः
Operational rule vidhi
The affix क्यङ् in the sense of becoming what the thing previously was not, is used after the crude forms भृश् etc. which do not end with the affix च्वि -- अभूततद्भावे कृभ्वस्तियोगे सम्पद्यकर्तरि च्विः (5.4.50), and there is लोप (elision) of the final consonant of these words, if they end in a consonant.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context भृशादिभ्यः pañcamī · bahuvacanaRight context भुवि saptamī · ekavacanaLeft context अच्वेः pañcamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term prathamā · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyayaTarget ṣaṣṭhī · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
भृशादिभ्यः भुवि अच्वेः च
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
→ / भृशादिभ्यः अच्वेः भुवि
Replace halaḥ with lopaḥ when it comes after bhṛśādibhyaḥ acveḥ when bhuvi follows. Inherited words (anuvṛtti) may add further conditions.
Commentary
The affix क्यङ् in the sense of becoming what the thing previously was not, is used after the crude forms भृश् etc. which do not end with the affix च्वि -- अभूततद्भावे कृभ्वस्तियोगे सम्पद्यकर्तरि च्विः 5.4.50, and there is लोप (elision) of the final consonant of these words, if they end in a consonant.
Thus, अभृशो भृशो भवति = भृशायते 'he becomes much (from a little)'; शीघ्रायते 'he becomes swift (from being tardy)'. All these roots will be Atmanepadi 1.3.12.
The phrase अच्वेः 'not ending in the adverbial affix ई', refers to every one of the words belonging to the class भ्रिशादि. It may be objected, what was the necessity of adding this condition, since the affix च्वि itself denotes that something has become what it was not before; and therefore a word which has taken the affix च्वि, will not again take क्यङ् in that very sense. The repetition of च्वि here shows that the words भृश् &c. never take the affix च्वि, in the sense of 'something becoming what it was not before'. Thus the present sutra is an exception to sutra 5.4.50 which ordains च्वि.
भृशादिः
भृश्, शीघ्, मन्द, चपल, पण्डित, उत्सुक, उन्मनस्, अभिमनस्, सुमनस्, दुर्म्मनस्, रहस्, रोहस्, शश्वत्, वहत्, वहेत्, नृपत्, शुधि, अधर, ओजस्, वर्चस्, (विमनस्, रभन्, रोहत्, हन्, शुचिस्, अरजस्) ।
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.