2.3.36

सप्तम्यधिकरणे च

Operational rule vidhi

The 7th case-affix is used when the sense is that of location -- आधारोऽधिकरणम् (1.4.45), as well as after the words meaning 'distant' and 'near'.

Word by word (padaccheda)

Substitute / term सप्तमी prathamā · ekavacanaRight context saptamī · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyaya
  • Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
  • Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
  • Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".

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Full reading

सप्तमी च

Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.

Commentary

The 7th case-affix is used when the sense is that of location -- आधारोऽधिकरणम् 1.4.45, as well as after the words meaning 'distant' and 'near'.
Ex. कटे आस्ते 'he sits on the mat' अन्तिके दूरे वा ग्रामस्य 'near or distant from the village.' स्थाल्यां पचति 'he cooks in the pot.' Thus the words दूर and अन्तिक take four case-affixes, namely the second, third, fifth and seventh.
Vart:- Words like अधीतिन् 'who has learnt,' गृहीतिन् 'who has comprehended;' i. e., words formed by adding इन् to the past participle in क्त, govern the locative of that which forms their object:- as अधीती व्याकरणे 'versed in grammar.' परिगणिती यज्ञिके 'well versed in sacrificial rites.' आम्नान्ती छन्दसि 'well read in the Veda.' See 5.2.88.

Vart:- The words साधु and असाधु govern the locative of that towards whom goodness or otherwise is shown; as मातरि साधुरसाधु वा 'well behaved or ill-behaved towards his mother.'

Vart:- The Locative absolute is used in cases other than those specified in the next sutra, namely, in cases where the action done or suffered does not indicate the time of another action; as ऋद्धेषु भुञ्जानेषु दरिद्रा आसते 'the poor are sitting, while the rich are eating,' दरिद्रेषु आसीनेषु ऋद्धाभुञ्जते 'the rich are eating, while the poor being seated.' So also vice versa.

Vart:- The Locative is sometimes used to denote the object or purpose for which anything is done; as.

चर्मणि द्वीपिनं हंति, दंतयोर्हन्तिकुंजरम् ।
केशेषु चमरीं हंति सोम्नि पुष्कलको हतः ॥

'Man kills the tiger for his skin, the elephant for his tusks, for chamari cow for her hair, and the musk-deer for its musk.'

Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.

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