8.4.18
शेषे विभाषाऽकखादावषान्त उपदेशे
Operational rule vidhi
A णत्वनिमित्तक उपसर्ग causes an optional णत्व of the उपसर्ग 'नि' attached to the verbs that are not ककारादि, not खकारादि, not षकारान्त and not mentioned in नेर्गदनद.. (8.4.16) sutra.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context शेषे saptamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term prathamā · ekavacanaRight context अकखादौ saptamī · ekavacanaRight context अषान्ते saptamī · ekavacanaRight context उपदेशे saptamī · ekavacana
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
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Full reading
शेषे अकखादौ अषान्ते उपदेशे
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
In the remaining verbs, optionally the न of नि is replaced by ण , when it is preceded by an उपसर्ग competent to cause the change; provided that, in the original enunciation, the verb has not an initial क or ख , nor ends with ष।
The words नेः and उपसर्गात् are understood in the sutra. The word शेषे means verbs other than those mentioned last. Thus प्रणिपचति or प्रनिपचति, प्रणिभिनत्ति or प्रनिभिनत्ति ॥
Why do we say अकखादौ "not beginning with क or ख"? Observe प्रनिकरोति, प्रनिखादति ॥ Here there is no change.
Why do we say अषान्तः "not ending in ष"? Observe प्रनिपिनष्टि ॥
Why do we say उपदेशे "in original enunciation"? So that the prohibition may apply to forms like प्रनिचकार, प्रनिचखाद, प्रनिपेक्ष्यति 8.2.41. Here चकार &c, do not begin with क or ख nor does पिष् end with ष् but with क् 8.2.41 but in the Dhatupatha the verb कृ and खद् begin with क and ख and पिष् ends with ष्, and hence the rule will not apply. So also in प्रणिवेष्टा and प्रणिवेक्ष्यति from the root विश् ॥ Here though the verb now ends with ष by 8.2.36, yet in the original enunciation or Dhatupatha, it ends with श ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.