8.3.1
मतुवसो रु सम्बुद्धौ छन्दसि
Operational rule vidhi
In the Vedic usages, the पद ending in मतुँप् or क्वसुँ प्रत्यय undergo रुँत्वम् in the formation of सम्बोधन-एकवचन form.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Target मतुवसोः ṣaṣṭhī · dvivacanaWord रु Right context सम्बुद्धौ saptamī · ekavacanaRight context छन्दसि saptamī · ekavacana
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Word Case not marked in the source data.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
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Full reading
मतुवसोः रु सम्बुद्धौ छन्दसि
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
For the final affixes मत् and वस् there is substituted रु in the Vocative Case singular, in the छन्दस् (Vedas).
The word संहितायाम् is understood here. A word ending in the affix मत् or वस्, changes its final त् or स् into र्, in the Chhandas, in the Vocative singular. Thus मत् :- इन्द्र॑ मरुत्व इह पा॑हि सोम॒म् (Rig. III.51.7) हरिवो मेदिनं त्वा ॥ Here मरुत्वः is Vocative Singular of मरुत्वत् and हरिवः of हरिवत्, meaning "he who is possessed of Maruts or Hari horses". The म् of मत् is changed to व by 8.2.103; 8.2.15. The base मरुत् before this termination is Bha by 1.4.19. The affix सु (nominative singular) is elided by 6.1.68; the त् is elided by 8.2.23, and the न् (of नुम् 7.1.70) is changed to र् by this sutra. So also इन्द्रायाहि तूतुजानः उपब्रह्माणि हरिवः (Rig. I.3.6).
With वस् :- मीढ्व॑स्तो॒काय॒ तन॑याय मृळ (Rig. II.33.14), इन्द्रसाह्वः ॥ See 6.1.12, for the formation of मीढ्वान्, साह्वान् with क्वसु ॥
Why do we say 'of मत् and वस्'? Observe ब्रह्मन् स्तोष्यामः ॥ Why do we say in the Vocative Singular? Observe य एवं विद्वानग्निमादत्ते ॥ Why do we say in the Chhandas? Observe हे गोमन्, हे पपिवन् ॥
Vart:- The affix वन् should also be enumerated. The affixes क्वनिप् and वनिप् are both meant here. Its final is also changed to रु in the Vocative Singular. As यस्त्वायन्तं वसुना प्रातरित्वः ॥ The word प्रातरित्वन् is formed by adding क्वनिप् to the root इ (इण्) preceded by प्रातः ॥ See 3.2.75. The तुक् is added by 6.1.71.
Vart:- The finals of भवत्, भगवत् and अघवत् are changed to रु, optionally in the secular as well as the sacred literature, and the syllable अव् of these words is changed to ओ ॥ This is a general rule, applying both in the Vedas and the Bhasha. Thus भवत् — हे भोः or हे भवन् ॥ भगवत् — हे भगोः or हे भगवन् ॥ अघवत् — हे अघोः or हे अघवन् ॥ Or these words भोः भगोः and अघोः are so irregularly formed by the acharya himself in 7.3.17. These are found in other numbers than the Vocative Singular, as भो देवदत्तयज्ञदत्तौ, भो देवदत्तयज्ञदत्तविष्णुमित्राः ॥ It is found in connection with Feminine nouns also, as भो ब्राह्मणि ॥
The adhikara of the word संहितायां does not exert any apparent influence in this sutra. It however has influence in those subsequent sutras, where the change in one word is occasioned by another word on account of sanhita or juxta-position, as in 8.3.7.
See 8.2.3 (Vartika 2) by which the lopa is considered siddha in हरिवः, otherwise there would have been no उ change in हरिवो मे &c.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.