8.3.9
दीर्घादटि समानपादे
Operational rule vidhi
In the context of वेदाः - If a पदान्त-नकार present after a दीर्घ स्वर is followed by a letter from the अट् प्रत्याहार in the same पाद, then the नकार is optionally converted to रुँ.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context pañcamī · ekavacanaRight context saptamī · ekavacanaRight context समानपादे saptamī · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
समानपादे
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
रु is optionally substituted for that final न् of a word which is preceded by a long vowel and is followed by a letter of the अट् प्रत्यहार (vowel or semi-vowel with the exception of ल्) when these (न् and अट्) come in contact with each other in the same stanza of the ऋग्वेद।
The नः of 8.3.7 is understood here : and so also ऋक्षु ॥ The word समानपाद means एकपाद, i. e. when both words are in one and the same Pada of the verse. Thus परिधीँ रति (Rig. IX. 107.19) स देवाँ एहवक्षति (Rig. I.1.2) देवाँ अच्छादीष्यत्; महाँ इन्द्रो ओजसा ॥
Why do we say 'preceded by a long vowel'? Observe अहन्नहिम् ॥ Why do we say "when followed by a vowel or य, व or र'? Observe इभ्यान् क्षत्रियान् ॥ Why do we say 'when both words are in the same Pada of a verse'? Observe यातुधानान् उपस्पृशः ॥
The word उभयथा of the preceding sutra is understood here also : so that it is an optional rule : and न् remains unchanged also, as आदित्यान् हवामहे आदित्यान् याचिषामहे ॥ See 8.3.3.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.