8.2.31
हो ढः
Operational rule vidhi
A हकार is converted to a ढकार at पदान्त or when followed by a झल् letter.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Target हः ṣaṣṭhī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term ढः prathamā · ekavacana
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
हः ढः
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
हः → ढः
Replace haḥ with ḍhaḥ. Inherited words (anuvṛtti) may add further conditions.
Commentary
ढ is substituted for ह before a झल् (all consonant except semi-vowels and nasals) letter and at the end of a word.
Thus सोढा, सोढुम्, सोढव्यम् ॥ The इट् is not added by 7.2.48, जलाषाट्, तुराषाट् by ण्वि 3.2.63, 6.3.137 and 8.3.56 वोढा, वोढुम्, वोढव्यं, प्रष्ठवाट्, दित्यवाट् 3.2.64 from सह् and वह्, with the affixes तृ, तुम्, तव्य and ण्वि ॥ For the त् of these affixes there is substituted ध by 8.2.40, and this ध is changed to ढ by 8.4.41, before which is dropped the first ढ by 8.3.13. For the ढ in प्रष्ठवाट् either ड् is substituted by 8.2.39, or ट् by 8.4.56.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.