8.3.13

ढो ढे लोपः

Operational rule vidhi

A ढकार is removed when it is followed by another ढकार in the context of संहिता.

Word by word (padaccheda)

Target ढः ṣaṣṭhī · ekavacanaRight context ढे saptamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term prathamā · ekavacana
  • Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
  • Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
  • Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.

Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.

Full reading

ढः ढे

Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.

As a rewrite rule (sketch from case endings)
ढः → / ढे

Replace ḍhaḥ with lopaḥ when ḍhe follows. Inherited words (anuvṛtti) may add further conditions.

Commentary

There is elision of ढ् when ढ् follows.
Though this sutra is read in the division of Grammar which is governed by पदाधिकार, yet this elision takes place only then when the ढ is not at the end of a pada. Thus लीढ from लिह् + त ॥ The ह is changed to ढ by 8.2.31, and the त is first changed to ध by 8.2.40, and then to ढ by 8.4.41. Thus लिढ् + ढ ॥ The first ढ् is elided by this sutra. Similarly मीढम्, उपगूढम् ॥ The change of ध into ढ by 8.4.41, should be considered as valid and siddha for the purposes of this rule, otherwise this rule will find no scope.

Objection:- It will find scope before that ढ which is primary, as in श्वलिढ् + ढौकते, where ढ of ढौकते is primary.

Answer:- No. Here the first ढ will be changed to ड् by जश् rule 8.2.39 and so there will be no occasion to elide it. The form will be श्वलिड् ढौकते ॥ Nor is this ढ लोपः rule an apavada to जश्त्व rule, because it has its scope in लीढ &c. For the जश् rule depends upon one pada, and is antaranga, or being prior to this the lopa is asiddha with regard to it. Therefore जश्त्व will take place first. Moreover in लिढ् + ढ to there is similarity of sounds (श्रुतिकृतं आनन्तर्यम्); though there may not be theoretical similarity (शास्त्रकृतं आनन्तर्यम्) when the change of ध into ढ by 8.4.41, is considered asiddha. But this theoretical technical dissimilarity will be removed by the express text of the present sutra. But in श्वलिड् ढौकते there is neither similarity of sounds (sruti krtamanantaryam) between ड् and ढ्, nor similarity created by any technical rule; therefore ढ लोप has no scope here. It is Bahiranga as well as subsequent to जश् rule 8.2.39, and therefore doubly asiddha; and consequently it does not debar the जश् rule. So when ढ् is changed to ड् by जश् rule 8.2.39 in श्वलिड्, then there remains no sort of anantarya-neither of sruti nor of sastra.

Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.

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