एचोऽप्रगृह्यस्यादूराद्धूते पूर्वस्यार्धस्यादुत्तरस्येदुतौ
In the diphthongs which are not प्रगृह्य -- ईदूदेद्द्विवचनं प्रगृह्यम् (1.1.11) etc. and which become प्लुत under the circumstances mentioned in प्रत्यभिवादेशूद्रे (8.2.83) etc., but not when that circumstance is a call from a distance -- दूराद्धूते च (8.2.84); for the first half, there is substituted the prolated आ and for the second portion इ or उ.
Word by word (padaccheda)
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Replace ecaḥ apragṛhyasya pūrvasya ardhasya uttarasya with idutau when it comes after adūrāt when hūte follows. Inherited words (anuvṛtti) may add further conditions.
Commentary
In the diphthongs which are not प्रगृह्य -- ईदूदेद्द्विवचनं प्रगृह्यम् 1.1.11 etc. and which become प्लुत under the circumstances mentioned in प्रत्यभिवादेशूद्रे 8.2.83 etc., but not when that circumstance is a call from a distance -- दूराद्धूते च 8.2.84; for the first half, there is substituted the prolated आ and for the second portion इ or उ।
The diphthongs or एच् are ए, ऐ, ओ and औ ॥ Their elements are अ + इ, and अ + उ ॥ When these diphthongs are to be prolated, at the end of a word, the diphthong is resolved into its elements, the first portion अ is prolated, and इ or उ added, as the case may be. This इ and उ, in fact, are the substitutes of the second portion, which may be इ or उ, or ए or ओ ॥
This rule is not of universal application, but applies to Rules 8.2.100, 8.2.97, 8.2.83, and 8.2.90 only, according to the
Vart:- The scope of this sutra should be determined by enumerating the rules to which it applies.
Vart:- It should be stated that it applies to sutras 8.2.100, 8.2.97, 8.2.83 and 8.2.90.
Thus 8.2.100: As अगमा३: पूर्वा३न् ग्रामा३न् अग्निभूता३इ꣡ ॥ or पटा३उ꣡ ॥ भद्रं करोषि माणवका३ अग्निभूता३इ꣡ or पटा३उ꣡ ॥ So also 8.2.97: होतव्यं दीक्षितस्य गृहा꣡३इ꣡ ॥ So also 8.2.83, as :- आयुष्मान् एधि अग्निभूता꣡३इ꣡ or पटा꣡३उ꣡ ॥ So also 8.2.90:- as.
उक्षाम्नाय वशाम्नाय सोमपृष्ठाय वेधसे ।
स्तोमैर्विधेमाग्नया३इ꣡ ॥ (Taitiriya Samhita. I.3.14. 7).
This pluta आ is udatta, anudatta or svarita, according to the particular rule which has been applied, i. e. at the end of a question it is anudatta or svarita, and every where else, udatta. The इ and उ are of course, always udatta : because the anuvritti of udatta is current here.
Why do we restrict this sutra to the above-mentioned four rules? Observe विष्णुभूते विष्णुभूते३ घातयिष्यामि त्वा आगच्छ भो माणवक विष्णुभूते ॥
In fact, the present sutra being confined to the above-mentioned four rules, the words अदूराद्धूते in the sutra, are redundant: and should not have been used. Moreover the word पदान्त should have been used in the sutra, for it applies to diphthongs at the end of a pada. Therefore, not here, भद्रं करोषि गौरिति ॥ Here गौ before the sarvanamasthana affix सु is not a Pada 1.4.17.
Why do we say 'when it is not a Pragrhya'? Observe शोभने खलु स्थःखट्वे३ ॥
Vart:- This peculiar modification of pluta_ vowel takes place in the Vocative case in the Vedas. As अग्ना३इ पत्नीवा३: सजूर्देवेन त्वष्ट्रा सोमं पिब ॥ Here by no other rule, the Vocative would have become prolated.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.