5.3.58
अजादी गुणवचनादेव
Operational rule vidhi
The two affixes beginning with a vowel i.e. ईयस् and इष्ठ are added only after words denoting attributes.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Substitute / term अजादी prathamā · dvivacanaLeft context गुणवचनात् pañcamī · ekavacanaIndeclinable एव avyaya
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
अजादी गुणवचनात् एव
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The two affixes beginning with a vowel i.e. ईयस् and इष्ठ are added only after words denoting attributes.
The affixes इष्ठन् and ईयसुन् are restricted in their scope by this sutra i. e. they come only after adjectives or adverbs, in expressing comparative and superlative degrees. Thus लघीयान् , लघिष्टः, पटीयान्, पटिष्टः; but not after words like पाचक &c. There we have पाचकतरः, पाचकतमः ॥ The word एव 'only' restricts the scope of the affixes, and not of the primitives. Thus पटुतरः, पटुतमः are also valid forms.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.