5.2.37
प्रमाणे द्वयसज्दघ्नञ्मात्रचः
Operational rule vidhi
The affixes द्वयसच् , दघ्नश्च and मात्रच् come in the sense of 'that whereof this is the lineal measure' after a word in Nominative 1st-Case in construction.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context प्रमाणे saptamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term द्वयस - दघ्न - मात्र अः prathamā · bahuvacana
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
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Full reading
प्रमाणे द्वयसच्-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affixes द्वयसच् , दघ्नश्च and मात्रच् come in the sense of 'that whereof this is the lineal measure' after a word in Nominative 1st-Case in construction.
The word तदस्य is understood here. Thus ऊरुः प्रमाणमस्य = ऊरुद्वयसम्, उरुदघ्नम्, ऊरुमात्रम् 'as high as the thigh'. So also जानुमात्रम्, जानुद्वयसम् and जानुदघ्नम् ॥ As ऊरुद्वयसमुदकम् 'water reaching upto the thigh'. According to some the first and the second affixes (dvayasa and daghna) come in denoting the measure of altitudes and depths, and not horizontal measures. The affix मात्रच् comes in a general sense also. As प्रस्थमात्रम् 'a cubit long'.
Vart:- The affixes denoting lineal measure are elided after words which are themselves recognised as standards of measure. Thus शमः प्रमाणमस्य = शमः 'that which is sama (a hand) in length'. Similarly दिष्टिः, वितस्तिः ॥ The affix matra only is elided, the other two affixes are never applicable to these words.
Vart:- The elision is invariable after a Dvigu. As द्वौ शमौ प्रमाणमस्य = द्विशमः, द्विवितस्तिः ॥ Why do we say "invariable"? The elision will take place even where there is doubt. द्वे दिष्टी स्यातां वा न वा = द्विदिष्टिः ॥
Vart:- The affix डट् comes after a word, when it denotes a stoma; as, पंचदशस्तोमः, पंचदशी रात्रिः ॥ The ट् causes ङीप् (IV. I.I5).
Vart:- The affix डिनि comes after words ending in शन् or शत्, as पंचदशिनोर्द्धमासाः, त्रिंशिनो मासाः ॥
Vart:- So also after the word विंशति, as विंशिनोऽङ्गिरसः ॥
Vart:- The affix मात्रच् comes after words denoting lineal measure, and mass measure, and after a numeral, even when there is doubt. As शममात्रम्, = शमः प्रमाणमस्य स्यान्न वा, दिष्टिमात्रम्, प्रस्थमात्रम्, कुडवमात्रम्, पंचमात्रम्, दशमात्रा गावः ॥ An exception to this is contained in the 2nd Vartika, where matra is elided in Dvigu compounds, owing to the word नित्य being used there.
Vart:- The affixes द्वयसच् and मात्रच् come without changing the sense, diversely after a word ending in वतु; as तावद्वयसम्, = तत् परिमाणमस्य धान्यादिस्तावत् तावन्मात्रम्, एतावद्वयसम्, एतावन्मात्रम् &c.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.