3.4.83
विदो लटो वा
Operational rule vidhi
For the verb विद्, the प्रत्ययाः of लिट्लकार are optionally converted (respectively) to णल्,अतुस्, उस्, थल्, अथुस्, अ, णल्, व, म.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context विदः pañcamī · ekavacanaTarget लटः ṣaṣṭhī · ekavacanaIndeclinable वा avyaya
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
विदः लटः वा
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The above nine affixes of the लिट् (Perfect Tense) are optionally added in the लट् (Present Tense) also after the verb विद् 'to know'.
Thus:--
- 3rd person, वेद or वेत्ति, विदतुः or वित्तः, विदुः or विदन्ति,
- 2nd person, वेत्थ or वेत्सि, विदथुः or वित्थः, विद or वित्थ,
- 1st person, वेद or वेद्मि, विद्व or विद्वः, विद्म or विद्मः
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.