3.4.59
अव्ययेऽयथाभिप्रेताख्याने कृञः क्त्वाणमुलौ
Operational rule vidhi
The affixes क्तवा and णमुल् come after the root कृ 'to make' when an indeclinable word in composition with it and the meaning is the communication of anything in a disagreeable or undesired way.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context saptamī · ekavacanaRight context अयथाभिप्रेताख्याने saptamī · ekavacanaLeft context कृञः pañcamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term त्वा - औ prathamā · dvivacana
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Pink letters are it-markers (anubandhas), tags dropped by 1.3.9. Hover or tap one for the rule that marks it, or try the it-letter finder.
Full reading
अयथाभिप्रेताख्याने कृञः क्त्वा-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affixes क्तवा and णमुल् come after the root कृ 'to make' when an indeclinable word in composition with it and the meaning is the communication of anything in a disagreeable or undesired way.
The word अयथाभिप्रेताख्यान means literally 'to denote the expression of that which is not really intended' i.e. a manner not suited to the proper communication of that news, such as communicating a bad news in a loud voice and good news in a low voice. The compounding being optional, the affix क्त्वा may be replaced by ल्यप्. Thus we have three forms नीचैःकृत्य, नीचैःकृत्वा, or नीचैःकार. Thus if one had communicated an agreeable news like the birth of a son in a low voice, the other may retort "किं तर्हि वृषल नीचैःकृत्वा, नीचैःकृत्य, or नीचैःकारमाचक्षे"; and so, if one had communicated an unpleasant news as ब्राह्मण कण्याते गर्भिणी in a loud voice, the other may reply "किं तर्हि वृषलोच्चैःकृत्वा, उच्चैःकृत्य, or उच्चैःकारमाचक्षे । (See 2.2.22 for compounding).
Why do we say 'communicating in an undesired manner'? Observe उच्चैःकृत्वाऽऽचक्षे पुत्रस्ते जातः । Here only क्त्वा is added. Why have we repeated क्त्वा in this sutra, when in this chapter, by the rule of वाऽसरूप 3.1.94, ktva would have presented itself in the alternative? The repetition is for the sake of samasa or composition, by the application of 2.2.22. The repetition of णमुल् is for the sake of the subsequent sutras, into which the anuvritti of ktva and namul runs concurrently.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.