3.3.85
उपघ्न आश्रये
Operational rule vidhi
The word उपघ्न is irregularly formed meaning 'an inclined place for leaning or support'.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Substitute / term उपघ्नः prathamā · ekavacanaRight context आश्रये saptamī · ekavacana
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
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Full reading
उपघ्नः आश्रये
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The word उपघ्न is irregularly formed meaning 'an inclined place for leaning or support'.
It is formed by adding अप् 3.3.76 to the verb हन् preceded by the upasarga उप, then eliding the penultimate अ of ह; this is the irregularity. Then by sandhi rules हन् is changed into घ्नः । This form would have been given by the affix क also, without any irregularity.
The word आश्रय refers to 'proximity, contiguity'. Thus पर्वतोघ्नः 'the declivity of the mountain'; so also ग्रामोपघ्नः 'bordering the village'.
Why do we say 'when meaning support'? Observe पर्वतोपघातः ।
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.