3.3.137
कालविभागे चानहोरात्राणाम्
Operational rule vidhi
The II Future is used instead of the I Future in denoting Future time not belonging to the current day when the word अवर is used together with a word expressing division of time, but not when it is a word giving the sense of 'day' or 'night'.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context कालविभागे saptamī · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyayaTarget अनहोरात्राणाम् ṣaṣṭhī · bahuvacana
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
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Full reading
कालविभागे च अनहोरात्राणाम्
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The II Future is used instead of the I Future in denoting Future time not belonging to the current day when the word अवर is used together with a word expressing division of time, but not when it is a word giving the sense of 'day' or 'night'.
The whole of the last sutra should be read into this. The difference between this and the last sutra is, that sutra 3.3.136 referred both to the limit of space and time, while sutra 3.3.137 refers to the limit of time only; moreover with regard to time, there is exception with regard to the portions of day and night. The yoga-vibhaga, the separation of this sutra from the last, is for the sake of subsequent aphorisms. Thus योऽयं संवत्सर आगामी तत्र यदवरमाग्रहायण्यास्तत्र अध्येष्यामहे 'in the month of Chaitra, the year after next, we shall read together'; तत्रोदनं भोक्ष्यामहे 'we shall eat rice then &c'.
This construction is, of course, only valid in denoting future time, otherwise not. Therefore not here: योऽयं वत्सरोऽतीतस्तस्य यदवरमाग्रहायण्यास्तत्र युक्ता अध्यैमहि 'in the month of Chaitra, the year before last, we read together'; तत्रौदनमभुञ्जमहि 'we ate together &c'.
Why do we say 'limit'? Observe योऽयं निरवधिकः काल आगामी तस्य यदवरमाग्रहायण्यास्तत्र युक्ता अध्येतास्महे--तत्रोदनं भोक्तास्महे ।
The limit must be 'on this side i. e. अवर side'. With the वर side limit, this rule will not apply. With the word पर, this construction is optional. See the next sutra.
Why do we say 'when not divisions of day and night'? There are three sorts of counter-examples in this case; as, योऽयं मास आगामी तस्य योऽवरः पञ्चदशरात्रः or योऽयं त्रिंशद्रात्र आगामी तस्य योऽवरोर्द्धमासः or योऽयं त्रिंशदहोरात्र आगामी तस्य योऽवरः पञ्चदशरात्रस्तत्र युक्ता अध्येतास्महे तत्र सक्तून् पातास्मः । Here Lut; or First Future has been employed and not the Second Future.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.