3.3.126
ईषद्दुःसुषु कृच्छ्राकृच्छ्रार्थेषु खल्
Operational rule vidhi
In the sense of 'hard and difficult' or 'light and easy' the affix खल् is added to a verb when ईषद् and दुर् and सु are combined with it as उपपद-s.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context ईषत्- दुस्- सुषु saptamī · bahuvacanaRight context कृच्छ्र- अकृच्छ्र- अर्थेषु saptamī · bahuvacanaSubstitute / term prathamā · ekavacana
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
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Full reading
ईषत्-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
In the sense of 'hard and difficult' or 'light and easy' the affix खल् is added to a verb when ईषद् and दुर् and सु are combined with it as उपपद-s.
The anuvritti of the phrase 'when related as instrument or location' ceases with this aphorism. The word कृच्छ्र means heavy, and दुर् has the force of conveying that sense. The word अकृच्छ्र means 'light, easy'; and the words ईषत् and सु convey that sense. Thus ईषत्करो भवता कटः 'a mat is made easily by you'; so also दुष्करः 'made with difficulty'; सुकरः 'made with ease'. Similarly ईषद्भोजः 'eating pleasantly'; दुर्भोजः and सुभोजः ।
Why do we say 'after ईषत् &c'.? See कृच्छ्रेण कार्यः कटः 'the mat which is made with difficulty'.
Why do we say 'when meaning 'hard or light'? Observe ईषत्कार्यं 'a small work'.
Of the affix खल्, the letter ख and ल् are indicatory; ख causing the insertion of a nasal (technically called मुम् augment, 6.3.67); and ल् regulates the accent 6.1.196. The augment मुम् will be added in the subsequent sutra, the ख thus having no work in this sutra.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.