3.3.123
उदङ्कोऽनुदके
Operational rule vidhi
The word उदङ्क is anomalous when the sense of the root refers to subjects other than 'water'.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Substitute / term उदङ्कः prathamā · ekavacanaRight context अनुदके saptamī · ekavacana
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
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Full reading
उदङ्कः अनुदके
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The word उदङ्क is anomalous when the sense of the root refers to subjects other than 'water'.
The word is thus formed: उत् + अञ्च + घञ् = उदङ्कः 'a vessel'.
Would not the affix घञ् have come by sutra 3.3.121, why then this aphorism? This is made a separate aphorism in order to prohibit the application of the affix, where the word to be formed means 'water'.
Thus तैलोदङ्कः 'a leathern vessel for oil'.
Why do we say 'when not referring to 'water'? Observe उदकोदञ्चनः 'a bucket for drawing water' (उद् + अञ्च + ल्युट्).
Why do not we give the counter-example by adding the affix घ to the root उदञ्च्? Because the form evolved by applying घ, would be the same in every respect as that evolved by घञ्; even the accent would be the same. For by sutra 6.2.144, the udatta accent, in the case of घञ्, will fall on the final.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.