3.2.171
आदृगमहनजनः किकिनौ लिट् च
Operational rule vidhi
In the छन्दस् (Vedas), the affixes कि and किन् in the sense of 'agent having such a habit etc.' come after the verbs that end in long आ or long or short ऋ and after the verbs 1. गम् 'to go' 2. हन् 'to kill' 3. जन् 'to be produced' and these affixes operate like लिट् (Perfect Tense) causing reduplication of the root.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context आदृ- गम- हन- जनः pañcamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term कि- किनौ prathamā · dvivacanaSubstitute / term prathamā · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyaya
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Pink letters are it-markers (anubandhas), tags dropped by 1.3.9. Hover or tap one for the rule that marks it, or try the it-letter finder.
Full reading
आदृ-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
In the छन्दस् (Vedas), the affixes कि and किन् in the sense of 'agent having such a habit etc.' come after the verbs that end in long आ or long or short ऋ and after the verbs 1. गम् 'to go' 2. हन् 'to kill' 3. जन् 'to be produced' and these affixes operate like लिट् (Perfect Tense) causing reduplication of the root.
The द् after आ is either for the sake of euphony, or for the sake of precision. Had it been त्, then by the rule of तपर 1.1.70 short ऋ would only be included and not long ॠ. But the present rule is applicable to long ॠ as well.
Thus पा + कि = पपिः 'drinking'; as पपिः सोमं 'drinking the soma-juice'; ददिर्गाः 'giving cows' (Rig. Ved. VI.23.4). मित्रावरुणौ ततुरिः (Rig. Ved. IV. 39.2, VI.68.7). दूरे अध्वाजगुरिः (Rig. Ved. X. 108. I). गम् + किन् = जग्मिः 'being in constant motion, wind'; जग्मियुवा (Rig. Ved. II.23.11); हन् + किन् = जघ्निः 'killing, a weapon offensive'; जघ्निवृत्रम् (Rig. Ved. IX. 61.2); जन् + किन् = जघ्निः as जज्ञिबीजम् (T.S. VII.5.20. I).
The letter क् in these affixes is indicatory. It might be said 'it is superfluous to make these affixes कित्, because these being treated like लिट् will be कित् by rule (1.2. 5)'. True, they would be कित् by the rule 1.2.5, but then the rule 7.4.11. (when lit follows, guna is the substitute of the verb ॠच्छ and of those that end in the long ॠ) would also have applied to these affixes, and would have caused guna. It is to prevent this guna of the letter ॠ that we have annexed an indicatory क to these affixes.
Vart:- The affixes कि and किन् are of universal application in the Chhandas, and not confined to the verbs enumerated in the sutra, as we see them in सद् &c.; as सेदिः (Yaj. Ved. XII.105); नेमिः (Rig. Ved. II.5.3).
Vart:- The affixes कि and किन् come after the roots धाञ्, कृञ्, सृ, जमि, गमि, and नमि in the secular literature also; as, दधिः, चक्रिः, सस्रिः, जज्ञिः, जग्मिः ,नेमिः ।
Vart:- The affixes कि and किन् come after the Intensive (यङन्त) roots of सह्, यह्, चल् and यत्. As, सासहिः, वावहिः, चाचलिः, यायतिः 7.4.83.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.