3.2.14
शमि धातोः संज्ञायाम्
Operational rule vidhi
The affix अच् is used after the verbal roots when शम् 'well' is in composition and the word to be formed denotes a name.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context शमि saptamī · ekavacanaLeft context धातोः pañcamī · ekavacanaRight context संज्ञायाम् saptamī · ekavacana
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
शमि धातोः संज्ञायाम्
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affix अच् is used after the verbal roots when शम् 'well' is in composition and the word to be formed denotes a name.
As शम् + कृ + अच् = शङ्करः lit. 'who does good'. So also सम्भवः संवहः । All these are proper nouns.
Why have we repeated the word dhatu in this aphorism, when it was understood by anuvritti from sutra 3.1.91? To this the reply is, that the repetition of the word dhatu shows that there is prohibition of the affix ट, that comes after the verb कृ in certain senses 3.2.20, when the word शम् is in composition. The affix अच् will be employed after the verb कृ and not the affix ट्, when शम् is an upapada, even when the sense to be indicated is that of cause, habit &c. 3.2.20. The result is that the feminine of शङ्कर will be शङ्करा, and not शङ्करी, which, had the affix been ट, would have been the proper feminine (See 4.1.14). शङ्करा means 'a female-ascetic', 'a vulture' and 'one having the habit of doing good'.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.