3.1.8
सुप आत्मनः क्यच्
Operational rule vidhi
The affix क्यच् is optionally employed, in the sense of wishing after a word ending in a case-affix expressing the object wished as connected with the wisher itself.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context pañcamī · ekavacanaTarget आत्मनः ṣaṣṭhī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term क्यच् prathamā · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
आत्मनः क्यच्
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
आत्मनः → क्यच् /
Replace ātmanaḥ with kyac when it comes after supa. Inherited words (anuvṛtti) may add further conditions.
Commentary
The affix क्यच् is optionally employed, in the sense of wishing after a word ending in a case-affix expressing the object wished as connected with the wisher itself.
This forms the Denominative verbs, i.e., verbs derived from nominal bases. As, पुत्र 'son', पुत्रीयति 'he wishes for a son of his own' (पुत्र + क्यच् = पुत्री + य = पुत्रीय) 2.4.71, 7.4.33.
Why do we use the word सुप् ? The affix should not come after a whole sentence, but only after the particular word ending in the case-affix. Thus in महान्तं पुत्रमिच्छति, the affix comes only after पुत्रम् and not महान्तं पुत्रं.
Why do we say atmanah ? Observe राज्ञः पुत्रमिच्छति 'he wishes a son for the king'. Here there is no affixing as the wishing is for another and not for one's own self.
The क in क्यच् is for the sake of classing kyach, kyan and kyash in one common group by simply using the word क्य, as in sutra तः क्ये 1.4.15; while च् distinguishes kyach from kyan &c., and is not for the sake of accent, the affix will be udatta by 3.1.3.
Vart:- In affixing kyach, prohibition must be stated of pronouns in म् and of Indeclinables. Thus in इदमिच्छति, उच्चैरिच्छति, there is no affixing.
Vart:- In the Vedas, the affix is added even when the wish is with regard to another. As मा त्वा वृका अघायवो विदन्. Here अघायु (pl. अघायवः) is formed by kyach, अ being added by 3.2.170, and आ is added by 7.4.37. See Rig Veda (I.120.7.27.3) &c.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.