3.1.48
णिश्रिद्रुस्रुभ्यः कर्तरि चङ्
Operational rule vidhi
For the verbs ending in णि-प्रत्यय, and for the verbs श्रि, द्रु and स्रु, the च्लि-प्रत्यय is converted to चङ् in the कर्तरि context.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context णि- श्रि- द्रु- स्रुभ्यः pañcamī · bahuvacanaRight context कर्तरि saptamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term prathamā · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
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Full reading
णि-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
After a root which ends in the णि -- पुच्छभाण्डचीवराण्णिङ् 3.1.20, -- मुण्डमिश्रश्लक्ष्णलवणव्रतवस्त्रहलकलकृततूस्तेभ्यो णिच् 3.1.21, -- च्लेः सिच् 3.1.44 etc. and after the verb श्रि 'to serve', द्रु 'to run', and स्रु 'to drop', चङ् is the substitute of च्लि , when लुङ् (Aorist) follows signifying an agent.
The ङ prevents guna and vriddhi and च is to distinguish it from अङ्. When चङ् is added, there is reduplication (VI.I.II). The usual terminations of the Imperfect are employed after the root, when चङ् is used; as अचीकरत् 'he caused to make'; अशिश्रियत् 'he served or went'; अदुद्रुवत् 'he ran'; असुस्रुवत् 'it flowed'. This form is not used in Passive; as, अकारयिषाताम्.
The root कम् 'to love' should also be included in this rule. कम्, when it takes the affix णिङ् 3.1.30 will of course be included in this sutra, by virtue of its ending in णि; the Vartika makes the additional statement that even when the root कम् does not take the affix णिङ्, the present aphorism must apply to it. Thus we have अचकमत् 'he loved'; when it takes णिङ्, the Aorist will be अचीकमत् (VII.4.93, 79.94.)
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.