3.1.31
आयादय आर्धधातुके वा
Operational rule vidhi
The affixes आय and those that follow it i.e. आय , ईयङ् and णिङ् are optionally added, when it is desired to express one's self with an आर्धधातुक affix.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Substitute / term आयादयः prathamā · bahuvacanaRight context saptamī · ekavacanaIndeclinable वा avyaya
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
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Full reading
आयादयः वा
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The affixes आय and those that follow it i.e. आय , ईयङ् and णिङ् are optionally added, when it is desired to express one's self with an आर्धधातुक affix.
Thus ता 3rd. sing. of the Future is an ardhadhatuka affix. It is optional to retain the aya of gopaya before this affix. So we have गोपायिता or गोप्ता 'he will protect'. So also अर्तिता or ऋतीयिता; कमिता or कामयिता.
But for this sutra, the affixes आय &c. would have come always even when ardhadhatuka affixes were to be applied. This makes it optional. Therefore proper ardhadhatuka affixes should be applied when we retain आय &c. and when we do not retain them. Thus the ardhadhatuka क्तिन् 3.3.95 will be employed in forming the feminine noun from the simple root, but the ardhadhatuka अ 3.3.102 will be employed in forming the feminine when आय &c. are retained. Thus गुप्तिः or गोपावा.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.