2.3.5
कालाध्वनोरत्यन्तसंयोगे
Operational rule vidhi
After a word denoting time, or length, the affix of the 2nd case is used, when denoting a full duration.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Target काल- अध्वनोः ṣaṣṭhī · dvivacanaRight context अत्यन्त- saptamī · ekavacana
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
काल-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
After a word denoting time, or length, the affix of the 2nd case is used, when denoting a full duration.
मासमधीते 'he reads for a month,' 'he studies full one month,' मासं कल्याणी 'prosperous during the month' (uninterruptedly), संवत्सरं पुष्पाः 'flowers during the year continually,' क्रोशं कुटिला नदी 'the river winding for one kos without any break,' क्रोशं पर्वतः 'the hill through one full kos.' सभा वैश्रवणी राजन् शतयोजनमायता 'O king the hall of Visravana is 100 yojanas in length.'
The word अत्यन्तसंयोग or 'full continuity' means the complete relation of time or space with its action, attribute or substance.
Why do we say 'atyanta-sanyoga or complete continuity'? Observe मासस्य द्विरधीते or क्रोशस्यैकदेशे पर्वतः ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.