2.3.2
कर्मणि द्वितीया
Operational rule vidhi
When the object is not denoted by the termination of the verb i.e. when the verb does not agree with it, the 2nd case-affix is attached to the word.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context कर्मणि saptamī · ekavacanaSubstitute / term द्वितीया prathamā · ekavacana
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
Full reading
कर्मणि द्वितीया
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
When the object is not denoted by the termination of the verb i.e. when the verb does not agree with it, the 2nd case-affix is attached to the word.
The terms dvitiya &c., are technical phraseology of older grammarians, and hence not defined by Panini; they apply to the triads of सुप् affixes. कटं करोति 'he makes the mat,' ग्रामं गच्छति 'he goes to the village.'
The words उभयतः, सर्वतः, धिक् and the double forms उपर्युपरि, अधोधः, अध्यधि, when they have the sense of nearness, govern the accusative. Sometimes other cases also, as उभयतो ग्रामं 'on both sides of the village'; सर्वतो ग्रामं 'on all sides of the village'; धिग्देवदत्तं 'fie to Devadatta'; उपर्युपरि ग्रामम् 'just over the village'; अध्यधि or अधोधो ग्रामम् 'just below the village.'
Vart:- The words अभितः, परितः both meaning 'round', समया, निकषा both meaning 'near', and हा 'woe be to,' and प्रति 'to,' govern the accusative case; as, अभितो ग्रामम् 'round the village,' ग्रामं समया 'near the village'; हा देवदत्तं 'woe be to Devadatta'; बुभुक्षितम् न प्रतिभाति किंचित् 'to a hungry person nothing occurs to his mind.' See 1.4.49 &c.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.