2.2.18
कुगतिप्रादयः
Operational rule vidhi
The indeclinable word कु 'bad' , the particles called गति and the prepositions प्र etc. are invariably compounded with other words with which they are in construction and the resulting compound is तत्-पुरुष.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Substitute / term कु- - प्र- आदयः prathamā · bahuvacana
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
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Full reading
कु-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The indeclinable word कु 'bad' , the particles called गति and the prepositions प्र etc. are invariably compounded with other words with which they are in construction and the resulting compound is तत्-पुरुष।
The word ku means 'badness or sin' ; as, कुपुरुषः 'a sinful man' ; (2) Gati 1.4.60 as, उररीकृतं 'having asserted'; 1.4.61 यदूरीकरोति ॥
So also with the words प्र &c., when they are mere particles and not used as 'upasargas,' or 'gati'; as दूर् meaning 'bad,' in दुष्पुरुषः 'a bad man'; so also सु and अति meaning 'respect' in सुपुरुषः 'honorable man'; अतिपुरुषः 'excellent man' ; आ means 'a little' as आपिङ्कत्नः 'brownish.'
Generally these are attributive words but they are found elsewhere also, as कोष्यं or कदुष्णम् or कवोष्णन् 'tepid.' So also दुष्कृतम्, अतिस्तुतम् and आबद्धम् ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.