1.4.1
आ कडारादेका संज्ञा
Heading adhikāra एकसंज्ञाधिकारः
If a word is given two संज्ञाs under this अधिकार, and if the संज्ञा given by the later sutra can only be given whenever the संज्ञा given by the earlier sutra is given, then under such circumstances, the word gets only the संज्ञा given by the later sutra, not the earlier sutra.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Indeclinable आ avyayaFrom / after कडारात् pañcamī · ekavacanaTerm / subject एका prathamā · ekavacanaTerm / subject संज्ञा prathamā · ekavacana
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
- From / after Pañcamī (5th case): "from X" or "after X"; in headings, often the limit of their scope.
- Term / subject Prathamā (1st case): the term being defined, or the subject of the statement.
Full reading
आ कडारात् एका संज्ञा
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
From this सूत्र up the the aphorism कडाराः कर्मधारये 2.2.38 only one name of each thing named is to be understood.
What is that name then? That which comes last, where the claims are otherwise equal 1.4.2 and that which were its claim disallowed, would have no other opportunity of conducing to any result, would be the recognised name. As a short vowel is called 'light' by 1.4.10 and it is also called 'heavy' when it precedes a conjunct consonant 1.4.11. Thus a short vowel has two names 'light' and 'heavy.' But it will not be called 'light' when it precedes a conjunct consonant, but will have only one name, i.e. 'heavy.' Thus in भिद to divide छिद to split, the इ is 'light' while the same letter is 'heavy' in शिक्षा teaching भिक्षा begging.
Thus in the root तक्ष् the अ is 'heavy' and therefore in forming its aorist we have the form अततक्षत्. Similarly अररक्षत्. The rule 7.4.93 not applying here as that rule is applicable to laghu vowels only.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.