2.1.51
तद्धितार्थोत्तरपदसमाहारे च
Operational rule vidhi
In a case where the sense is that of a तद्धित-affix or when an additional member comes after the compound or when an aggregate is to be expressed, then a word signifying a point of the compass or a number, enters into composition with a case-inflected word which is in agreement with it by being in the same case and the resulting compound is तत्-पुरुष .
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context तद्धितार्थ- उत्तरपद- समाहारे saptamī · ekavacanaIndeclinable च avyaya
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
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Full reading
तद्धितार्थ-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
In a case where the sense is that of a तद्धित-affix or when an additional member comes after the compound or when an aggregate is to be expressed, then a word signifying a point of the compass or a number, enters into composition with a case-inflected word which is in agreement with it by being in the same case and the resulting compound is तत्-पुरुष ।
First let us take the case where the sense is that of a Taddhita-affix. Thus when a compound is formed out of the words पूर्वस्यां शालायां भवः 'that which is in the eastern hall' (in which analytical exposition of the compound in question, the word भव 4.2.107 serves to represent the force of a Taddhita -affix) the compound having reached the form of पूर्वा+शाला, the feminine termination of the पूर्वा is rejected, because Patanjali declares that the masculine state belongs to a pronominal when exercising any of the five functions belonging to a word; we have :-पूर्व + शाला + अ 4.2.107 = पौर्वशालः (VII.2.117 and VI.4.148) 'who is in the eastern hall.'
So also when an additional member comes after the compound (uttarpade) As, पूर्वशालप्रियः or अपरशालप्रियः 'loving the eastern or western hall.' Those Uttarpada Compounds are invariable (Nitya) compounds, so that they can not be resolved into their component elements.
When a समाहार 'aggregate' is to be expressed, it is of course impossible to use a word expressing points of the compass ( दिक् words ). The following compounds are formed with numbers (सङ्ख्या), when employed with the force of a Taddhita affix; as, पाञ्चनापितिः 'relating to five barbers.' पाञ्चकपाल 'relating to an oblation offered in five cups' (कपाल) 4.1.88. So also पञ्चगवधन 5.4.92 'Whose wealth consists of five cows,' दशगवधनः
The following are examples of aggregates:- पञ्चफली 'the collection of five fruits' 4.1.21 दशपूली 'an aggregate of ten bundles,'त्रिलोकी 'the aggregate of the three worlds.' पञ्चकुमारि 'an aggregate of five virgins;' this word is neuter by (II.417.)and the long ई is shortened by 1.2.47
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.