1.3.75
समुदाङ्भ्यो यमोऽग्रन्थे
Operational rule vidhi
After the verb यम् 'to strive', preceded by सम् , उत् and आङ् , when it does not refer to a book, the आत्मनेपद is used, when the fruit of the action accrues to the agent.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context सम्- उत्- आङ्भ्यः pañcamī · bahuvacanaLeft context यमः pañcamī · ekavacanaRight context अग्रन्थे saptamī · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
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Full reading
सम्-
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
After the verb यम् 'to strive', preceded by सम् , उत् and आङ् , when it does not refer to a book, the आत्मनेपद is used, when the fruit of the action accrues to the agent.
The phrase 'when the fruit of the action accrues to the agent' is read into this aphorism by anuvritti from sutra 1.3.72. As ब्रीहीन् संयच्छते 'he gathers rice'; भारमुद्यच्छते 'he lifts up the load'; वस्त्रमायच्छते 'he draws out the cloth.' The root yam preceded by the preposition आङ् takes the terminations of the Atmanepada by virtue of aphorism 1.3.28 ante; but in that aphorism the verb was intransitive, here it is transitive, and this explains the necessity of making two different sutras for one compound verb आयम्.
Why do we say 'when it does not refer to a book.' For otherwise the verb will take the terminations of the parasmaipada. As उद्यच्छति चिकित्सां वैद्यः 'the physician diligently studies medicine.'
When however the fruit of the action does not accrue to the agent, the above compound verbs are parasmaipadi. As संयच्छति, उद्यच्छति, आयच्छति.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.