1.3.76
अनुपसर्गाज्ज्ञः
Operational rule vidhi
After the verb ज्ञा , when not preceded by any उपसर्ग , the terminations are of the आत्मनेपद , when the fruit of the action accrues to the agent.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context अनुपसर्गात् pañcamī · ekavacanaLeft context ज्ञः pañcamī · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
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Full reading
अनुपसर्गात् ज्ञः
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
After the verb ज्ञा , when not preceded by any उपसर्ग , the terminations are of the आत्मनेपद , when the fruit of the action accrues to the agent.
The phrase 'when the fruit of the action accrues to the agent' is understood in this sutra also. Thus गां जानीते 'he recognises the cow as his own'; अश्वं जानीते 'he recognises the horse as his own.'
Why do we say when not preceded by any upasarga ? For when compounded with prepositions, it may take the Atmanepada terminations; as स्वर्गं लोकं न प्रजानाति मूढः 'the fool does not know the heavenly regions.'
When, however, the fruit of the action does not accrue to the agent, the simple root ज्ञा takes parasmaipada terminations. देवदत्तस्य गां जानाति 'he recognises Devadatta's cow.'
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.