8.4.29
कृत्यचः
Operational rule vidhi
The न of कृत् affix, preceded by a vowel, is changed into ण , when it follows an उपसर्ग having the cause of change.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context saptamī · ekavacanaLeft context pañcamī · ekavacana
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
The न of कृत् affix, preceded by a vowel, is changed into ण , when it follows an उपसर्ग having the cause of change.
The following are the specific Krit affixes in which this change takes place :- अन (यु), मान (शानच् &c 7.2.82), अनीय, 3.1.96 अनि, 3.3.111 इनि (णिनि 3.2.78 &c ) and the substitutes of निष्ठा 8.2.42 ॥
Thus
- अनः - प्रयाणम्, - परिमाणम्, - प्रमाणम्, - परियाणम् ॥
- मानः - प्रयायमाणम्, - परियायमाणम् ॥
- अनीय - प्रयाणीयम्, - परियाणीयम् ॥
- अनि - अप्रयाणि, - अपरियाणि ॥
- इनि - प्रयायिन्, - प्रयायिणौ, - परियायिन्, - परियायिणौ
- निष्ठादेशः - प्रहीणः, - परिहीणः, - प्रहीणवान् - परिहीणवान् ॥ Long ई by 6.4.66.
Why do we say अचः 'preceded by a vowel?' Observe प्रभुग्नः, परिभुग्नः the Nishtha of भुज् ॥ It is thus formed : भुज् + क्त = भुज् + त = भुज् + न (7.2.45, the root भुज् is read as भुजो कौटिल्ये in the dhatupatha, having an indicatory ओ, thus giving scope to the rule). भुज् + न = भुग् + न 8.2.30 = भुग्न ॥
Vart:- The word निर्विण्णः should be enumerated in this place. As निर्विण्णोस्मि खलसंगेन ॥ निर्विण्णोहमत्रवासेन ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.