8.3.101
ह्रस्वात् तादौ तद्धिते
Operational rule vidhi
ष् is substituted for the final स् preceded by a उ before a तद्धित affix beginning with त.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context pañcamī · ekavacanaRight context तादौ saptamī · ekavacanaRight context saptamī · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
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Full reading
तादौ
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
ष् is substituted for the final स् preceded by a उ before a तद्धित affix beginning with त।
The following are the affixes before which this change takes place, namely, तर, तम, तय, त्व, तल्, तस्, त्यप् ॥ As तर -- सर्पिष्टरम् यजुष्टरम् । तम । तर्पिष्टमम् । यजुष्टमम् । तय । चतुष्टये ब्राह्मणानां निकेताः । त्व । सर्पिष्ट्वम् । यजुष्ट्वम् । तल् । सर्पिष्टा । यजुष्टा । तस् । सर्पिष्टो, यजुष्टः । त्यप् । आविष्ट्यो वर्द्धते । ह्रस्वादिति किम् । गीस्तरा । धूस्तरा । तादाविति किम् । सर्पिस्साद्भवति । प्रत्ययसकारस्य स्यात्पदाद्योरिति सत्यपि प्रतिषेधे प्रकृतिसकारस्य स्यात् । तद्धित इति किम् । सर्पिस्तरति ॥
Why do we say before affixes beginning with त ॥ Observe सर्पिस्साद्भवति ॥
Question:- But this स would never have been changed to ष because of the prohibition in 8.3.111, how can you then give this counter-example?
Answer:- Though the स of the affix सात् is prohibited by 8.3.111, yet the counter-example is valid, because the स् of the base सर्पिस् is also not changed. Why do we say 'of a Taddhita'? Observe सर्पिस्तरति ॥
Vart:- Prohibition must be stated of finite verbs before Taddhita affixes. As भिन्द्युस्तराम् । छिन्द्युस्तराम् ॥ These are the Potential third person plural of भिन्द् and छिन्द् with the augment यासुट्; the Taddhita affix तरप् is added by 5.3.56, and आम् is added by 5.4.11.
Vart:- Prohibition must be stated with regard to पुंस् as पुंस्त्यम् पुंस्ता ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.