7.4.54
सनि मीमाघुरभलभशकपतपदामच इस्
Operational rule vidhi
इस् is substituted for the root-vowel of 1. मी 2. मा 3. धा (घु) 4. रभ् 5. लभ् 6. शक् 7. पत् 8. पद् and 9. दा when the Desiderative सन् follows beginning with स् (i.e. not taking the augment इ) follows.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Right context सनि saptamī · ekavacanaTarget मीमाघुरभलभशकपतपदामच ṣaṣṭhī · bahuvacanaSubstitute / term इस् prathamā · ekavacana
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
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Full reading
सनि मीमाघुरभलभशकपतपदामच इस्
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
मीमाघुरभलभशकपतपदामच → इस् / सनि
Replace mīmāghurabhalabhaśakapatapadāmaca with is when sani follows. Inherited words (anuvṛtti) may add further conditions.
Commentary
इस् is substituted for the root-vowel of 1. मी 2. मा 3. धा (घु) 4. रभ् 5. लभ् 6. शक् 7. पत् 8. पद् and 9. दा when the Desiderative सन् follows beginning with स् (i.e. not taking the augment इ) follows.
The मी includes मीनाति (Kryadi 4), and मिनोति (मि of Svadi 4) for मि assumes the form मी by 6.4.16. Thus मित्सति, प्रमित्सति ॥ The मा denotes all the roots which assume the form मा, on the maxim गामादा ग्रहणेष्वविशेषः "The terms गा, मा or दा when they are employed in Grammar denote both the original roots गा, मा and दा and also the roots which are changed to गा, मा and दा" ॥ They are मा and माङ माने,and मेङ् प्रणिदाने ॥ Thus मित्सते, अप मित्सते ॥ घु--दित्सति, धित्सति; रभ्-आरिप्सते, लभ्-आलिप्सते, शक्-शिक्षति, पत्-पित्सति, पद्-प्रपित्सते ॥ In the roots that end in a vowel, the स् of इस् is changed to त् by 7.4.49, and in the roots that end in a consonant, this स् is dropped, according to 8.2.29. The reduplication falls by 7.4.58.
Why do we say 'when the Desiderative follows'? Observe दास्यति ॥ The word सि is understood here from 7.4.49, so the rule will not apply when the Desiderative takes the augment इट्, as प्र पतिषति ॥ Here पत् optionally takes इट् under the vartika तनिपतिदरिद्राणामुपसंख्यानम् ॥
Vart:- The इस् comes after the root-vowel of राध् in the Desiderative, when the sense is that of to injure. As प्रति रित्सति ॥ Why do we say when the sense is that of 'to injure'? Observe आरि रात्सति ॥
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.