7.4.48
अपो भि
Operational rule vidhi
त् is substituted for the final of the अङ्ग (stem) अप् before a case-ending beginning with भ्.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Target अपः ṣaṣṭhī · ekavacanaRight context saptamī · ekavacana
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
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Full reading
अपः
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
त् is substituted for the final of the अङ्ग (stem) अप् before a case-ending beginning with भ्।
As अद्भ्याम्, अद्भिः, अद्भ्यः ॥ Why beginning with a भ? Observe अप्सु ॥
In the Veda, त् is substituted before भ, for the final of स्ववस्, from सु + अव् + असुन्; meaning सोभनमवोयेषां; स्वतवस् from the root तु meaning स्वं तवो येषां; मास and उषस्, as स्ववद्भिः, स्वतवद्भिः, माद्भिरिष्टा इन्द्रो वृत्रहा, समुषद्भिरजायथाः ॥ The word मास becomes मास् by 6.1.63.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.