7.3.73
लुग्वा दुहदिहलिहगुहामात्मनेपदे दन्त्ये
Operational rule vidhi
The whole of the affix कस् is optionally elided before the personal endings of आत्मनेपद beginning with a dental, after 1. दुह् 2. दिह् 3. लिह् and 4. गुह्.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Substitute / term prathamā · ekavacanaIndeclinable वा avyayaTarget दुहदिहलिहगुहाम् ṣaṣṭhī · bahuvacanaRight context saptamī · ekavacanaRight context दन्त्ये saptamī · ekavacana
- Substitute / term Prathamā (1st case): in operational rules, the substitute or the thing introduced; in definitions, the term or its referent.
- Indeclinable An avyaya such as च "and", वा "optionally", न "not".
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
- Right context Saptamī (7th case): "when X follows", the operation applies to what precedes (1.1.66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य). Also a condition or domain ("in the sense of").
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
वा दुहदिहलिहगुहाम् दन्त्ये
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
दुहदिहलिहगुहाम् → / दन्त्ये optional
Replace duhadihalihaguhām with luk when ātmanepade dantye follows, optionally. Inherited words (anuvṛtti) may add further conditions.
Commentary
The whole of the affix क्स is optionally elided before the personal endings of आत्मनेपद beginning with a dental, after 1. दुह् 2. दिह् 3. लिह् and 4. गुह्।
As अदुग्ध or अधुक्षत, अदुग्धा or अधुक्षथाः, अदुग्ध्वम् or अधुक्षध्वम्, अदुह्वहि or अधुक्षावहि, अदिग्ध or अधिक्षत, अलीढ or अलिक्षत, न्यगुढ or न्यधुक्षत ॥
Why दुह् &c. only? Observe व्यत्यरुक्षत ॥ Why in the Atmanepada? Observe अधुक्षत only. Why before an affix beginning with a dental? Observe अधुक्षामहि only. Though the anuvritti of लोप was understood in this sutra; the employment of the term लुक् indicates that the whole of the affix is to be elided. For लोप would have elided only the final अ of स ॥ But even with the elision of अ alone we would have got all the above forms, except those in वहि ॥ For अ being elided, we have स् between ह् (a consonant of झल् class) and a dental (which is also a letter of झल् class). This स् situate between two झल् will be elided by 8.2.26. Nor can it be objected that the elided अ is sthanivat, for by पूर्वत्रासिद्धं 8.2.1, such an elision cannot be sthanivat. Though व् is a dento-labial, yet it is included in the word dental. Had it not been meant to be so included, तौ (letters of त class) would have been taken in the sutra. See 3.1.45, for this Aorist-affix.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.