7.3.12
सुसर्वार्धाज्जनपदस्य
Operational rule vidhi
After 1. सु 2. सर्व and 3. अर्ध the first vowel of the name of a country gets the वृद्धि when a तद्धित affix with an indicatory ञ् , ण् or क् follows.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context सुसर्वार्धात् pañcamī · ekavacanaTarget जनपदस्य ṣaṣṭhī · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
Dotted words are technical terms, dashed ones pratyāhāras (names for classes of sounds or affixes). Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
सुसर्वार्धात् जनपदस्य
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
After 1. सु 2. सर्व and 3. अर्ध the first vowel of the name of a country gets the वृद्धि when a तद्धित affix with an indicatory ञ् , ण् or क् follows.
As सुपाञ्चालकः, सर्वपाञ्चालकः and अर्धपाञ्चालकः, formed with वुञ् 4.2.125. This sutra also gives rise to the following rule सुसर्वार्धदिक् शब्देभ्यो जनपदस्य "The tadantavidhi applies to words denoting country, when the first member is सु, सर्व, अर्ध or a direction-denoting word". As shown in the above examples, and for direction denoting words see the following sutra ((1.1. 72) Vartika Malabhashya).
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.