7.1.34
आत औ णलः
Operational rule vidhi
औ is substituted for णल् , the affix of the 1st and 3rd person singular of the लिट् (Perfect Tense), after the roots ending in long आ.
Word by word (padaccheda)
Left context आतः pañcamī · ekavacanaWord औ Target णलः ṣaṣṭhī · ekavacana
- Left context Pañcamī (5th case): "after X", the operation applies to what follows (1.1.67 तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य). Also used for limits and sources.
- Word Case not marked in the source data.
- Target Ṣaṣṭhī (6th case): names what gets replaced, "in place of X" (1.1.49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा).
Dotted words are technical terms. Hover or tap one to see its card.
Full reading
आतः औ णलः
Pāṇini leaves out words that carry over from earlier sūtras. Expand to see the rule as a reader actually understands it.
Commentary
औ is substituted for णल् , the affix of the 1st and 3rd person singular of the लिट् (Perfect Tense), after the roots ending in long आ।
Thus पपौ, तस्थौ, जग्लौ, मम्लौ, from पा, स्था, ग्लै (ग्ला) and म्लै (म्ला) ॥ The form पपौ is thus evolved, पा + णल् = पा + अ ॥ Here three operations simultaneously present themselves for application, namely; 1. Reduplication, 2. Lengthening; by the single substitution of one long vowel आ, for आ + अ; and 3. The substitution of औ for आ by the present sutra. In what order should these operations be then performed? First the affix अ should be replaced by औ, then the single substitution of औ for आ + औ ; and then treating it as sthanivat, and then reduplication. For if the single substitution of आ for आ + अ had taken place first, then there would be no scope for औ substitution, therefore the औ substitution, should take place first. Thus we have पा + औ = पौ; this vriddhi-ekadesa, is treated as sthanivat by 1.1.59, and it causes reduplication. The vriddhi-ekadesa should first take place (i. e. आ + औ = औ) and then the reduplication, because the former rule is subsequent to the latter.
Śrīśa Chandra Vasu, The Ashtadhyayi of Panini (1897), via ashtadhyayi.com.